There are 56 tribes within China and "Han" tribe is the largest one of them. "The Book of Songs (詩經)" says that "Wei Tian You Han(維天有漢)". "Han" meant "universe" and "galaxy" initially.
"Han" tribe was evolved from "Hwa Xia Min Zhu(華夏民族)" which was formed was formed since about 5000 BC that means over 4000 years before the "Han" Dynasty. . "Hwa Xia Min Zhu" is a compound of groups, including "Yan Huang Group(炎黃集團)", "Dong Yi Group(東夷集團)", "Rong Di Group(戎狄集團) and several small groups.
Before the Qin Dynasty was established in 221BC, China was in chaos caused by wars between the kingdoms (諸侯國) for thousands of years. People moved from one kingdom to another to avoid wars led the blend of different groups. Thus, when Qin Shi Huang (秦始皇) unified all kingdoms as one empire - The Qin Dynasty, all groups of "Hwa Xia Min Zhu" were also unified as one and was so called "Qin" by themselves. Nevertheless, "Qin" Dynasty lasted too short for only 15 years until 206BC.
In 202BC, Liu Bang (劉邦) defeated Xiang Yu (項羽) who overthrew Qin Dynasty. "Han" Dynasty established. Contributed by the unification brought, the great canal excavated, The Great Wall repaired and built and the system of weights and measures and the currency unified by Qin Shi Huang (秦始皇) and the great emperors of "Han" Dynasty, "Han" Dynasty became the first unified prosperous Dynasty of China which lasted for over 400 years. The dominion was broaden and "Han" Dynasty became well known in the neighborhood. Merchants in the neighborhood thus called merchants from China "Han(漢人)". As time goes by, "Han" replaced "Hwa Xia" and "Qin" and became the new name of "Hwa Xia Min Zhu".
"Tang" Dynasty established in 618 AD, about 400 years after the overthrow of "Han" Dynasty. Though "Tang" is also a prosperous and powerful Dynasty, "Han" tribe was already well developed at that time. Thus, even "Tang" is also well known and so called in the neighborhood, it can't replace "Han" for becoming the name of the tribe whereas it generally represence the whole "Chinese". In other words, "Tang" included "Han" tribe and "Han" tribe is only part of "Tang" (唐人包括漢族而漢族則只是唐人中的一部份).
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